Design principles of dialogue about science and technology and the design frictions they reveal: Towards a demo-technical analysis

Much of the conversation around citizen participation focuses on what it ought to be: a growing list of design principles we are expected to hold together at once, from grounding processes in local cultures to standardising, scaling, and everything in between. This is natural, because design deals with what should be, not what is.

In this paper, I aim to map the various design principles that emerge when people reflect on their experiences designing participation around science and technology. But crucially, I also map all the 'design frictions'; all the ways I observe design principles and their interpretations to conflict and diffract. Maybe if we attend to principles and frictions, we can keep designs open questions rather than checklists.